Change the way API keys are stored and validated; clarify API namespacing

Previously, a single key was used to access the API, this has not changed in terms of what the user sees. However, API keys now use an identifier and token internally. The identifier is the first 16 characters of the key, and the token is the remaining 32. The token is stored encrypted at rest in the database and the identifier is used by the API middleware to grab that record and make a timing attack safe comparison.

app/Http/Middleware/Api/Admin/AuthenticateIPAccess.php

@@ -0,0 +1,40 @@
+<?php
+
+namespace Pterodactyl\Http\Middleware\Api\Admin;
+
+use Closure;
+use IPTools\IP;
+use IPTools\Range;
+use Illuminate\Http\Request;
+use Symfony\Component\HttpKernel\Exception\AccessDeniedHttpException;
+
+class AuthenticateIPAccess
+{
+    /**
+     * Determine if a request IP has permission to access the API.
+     *
+     * @param \Illuminate\Http\Request $request
+     * @param \Closure                 $next
+     * @return mixed
+     *
+     * @throws \Exception
+     * @throws \Symfony\Component\HttpKernel\Exception\AccessDeniedHttpException
+     */
+    public function handle(Request $request, Closure $next)
+    {
+        $model = $request->attributes->get('api_key');
+
+        if (is_null($model->allowed_ips) || empty($model->allowed_ips)) {
+            return $next($request);
+        }
+
+        $find = new IP($request->ip());
+        foreach ($model->allowed_ips as $ip) {
+            if (Range::parse($ip)->contains($find)) {
+                return $next($request);
+            }
+        }
+
+        throw new AccessDeniedHttpException('This IP address does not have permission to access the API using these credentials.');
+    }
+}